基于非稳态多项式拟合的地震噪声衰减方法研究

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摘要基于非稳态多项式拟合理论，针对地震数据中同相轴振幅变化这一特征，我们提出了一种地震噪声衰减的新方法。非稳态多项式拟合系数是时变的，通过整形正则化约束多项式拟和系数的光滑性，自适应的估计地震数据的相干分量。基于动校正后的共中心点道集（CMP）中地震信号的相干性，利用非稳态多项式拟合估计有效信号，从而衰减随机噪声。对于线性相干噪声，如地滚波，首先利用径向道变换（Radial Trace Transform，RTT）将地震数据变换到时间—视速度域，在时间—视速度域利用非稳态多项式拟合估计出相干噪声，然后减去相干噪声。该方法可以有效的估计振幅变化的相干分量，不需要相干分量振幅为常量的假设。模拟和实际资料处理结果表明，与传统的稳态多项式拟合和低切滤波相比，该方法可以更为有效的衰减地震噪声，同时保真了地震有效信号。

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	刘国昌
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关键词：多项式拟合地震噪声衰减径向道变换非稳态回归

Abstract： We propose a novel method for seismic noise attenuation by applying nonstationary polynomial fitting (NPF), which can estimate coherent components with amplitude variation along the event. The NPF with time-varying coeffi cients can adaptively estimate the coherent components. The smoothness of the polynomial coefficients is controlled by shaping regularization. The signal is coherent along the offset axis in a common midpoint (CMP) gather after normal moveout (NMO). We use NPF to estimate the effective signal and thereby to attenuate the random noise. For radial events-like noise such as ground roll, we first employ a radial trace (RT) transform to transform the data to the time-velocity domain. Then the NPF is used to estimate coherent noise in the RT domain. Finally, the coherent noise is adaptively subtracted from the noisy dataset. The proposed method can effectively estimate coherent noise with amplitude variations along the event and there is no need to propose that noise amplitude is constant. Results of synthetic and fi eld data examples show that, compared with conventional methods such as stationary polynomial fi tting and low cut fi lters, the proposed method can effectively suppress seismic noise and preserve the signals.

Key words： Polynomial fitting noise attenuation radial trace transform nonstationary regression

收稿日期: 2010-08-31;

基金资助:

本研究得到了国家863课题（编号：2006AA09A102-09）和国家973课题（编号：2007CB209606）的联合资助。

引用本文:

刘国昌,陈小宏,李景叶等. 基于非稳态多项式拟合的地震噪声衰减方法研究[J]. 应用地球物理, 2011, 8(1): 18-26.

LIU Guo-Chang,CHEN Xiao-Hong,LI Jing-Ye et al. Seismic noise attenuation using nonstationary polynomial fitting[J]. APPLIED GEOPHYSICS, 2011, 8(1): 18-26.

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