四分量偶极横波远探测在深海斜井井周构造成像中的应用*

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摘要利用深海地层的声波测井数据进行远探测成像是海洋油气勘探的一个新的应用课题。声波远探测可以在一维井孔中对井周数十米范围内的复杂构造进行二维成像。本文基于偶极声源的指向发声特性和四分量数据，实现反射体的方位探测功能，从而对井周进行三维成像。我们首先对野外四分量数据进行矩阵旋转得到多方位数据；此基础上，对旋转后偶极数据采用一系列处理步骤得到反射体成像。根据以上横波成像原理，用中国南海深海斜井采集的正交偶极四分量数据对井周围50 m 范围内构造进行反射横波成像，刻画了反射体的形态并确定反射体的走向。井旁地层和断层构造的横波成像结果与该井所在的正交地震剖面的产状相符，断层的产状也与区域应力和斜井应力分析一致。结合其他测井资料 (井壁电成像)，进一步确定了远探测成像中地层的倾向。本文的研究结果表明：将井中的声波远探测成像与地震成像相结合，可以精细刻画井旁构造的空间形态，并填补这两种测量尺度的空白。

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关键词：四分量偶极数据横波远探测井震结合斜井构造成像断层成像

Abstract： Acoustic reflection imaging in deep water wells is a new application scope for offshore hydrocarbon exploration. Two-dimensional (2D) geological structure images can be obtained away from a one-dimensional (1D) borehole using single-well acoustic reflection imaging. Based on the directivity of dipole source and four-component dipole data, one can achieve the azimuth detection and the three-dimensional (3D) structural information around the wellbore can be obtained. We first perform matrix rotation on the field fourcomponent data. Then, a series of processing steps are applied to the rotated dipole data to obtain the reflector image. According to the above dipole shear-wave imaging principle, we used four-component cross-dipole logging data from a deviated well in the South China Sea to image geological structures within 50 m of a deviated well, which can delineate the structural configuration and determine its orientation. The configuration of near-borehole bedding boundaries and fault structures from shear-wave imaging results agrees with those from the Inline and Xline seismic profiles of the study area. In addition, the configuration and orientation of the fault structure images are consistent with regional stress maps and the results of the borehole stress anisotropy analysis. Furthermore, the dip azimuth of the bedding boundary images was determined using borehole wall resistivity data. Results of this study indicate that integrating borehole acoustic refl ection with seismic imaging not only fi lls the gap between the two measurement scales but also accurately delineates geological structures in the borehole vicinity.

Key words： four-component cross-dipole logging single-well shear-wave imaging seismicwell tie geological structure imaging fault imaging

收稿日期: 2019-06-07;

基金资助:

本研究项目由国家自然科学基金项目 (编号：41804124、41774138、41804121、41604109)、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项 (编号：XDA14020304、XDA14020302)、山东省自然基金 (编号：ZR2019BD039)、和山东省博士后创新项目 (编号：201901011)和中国博士后科学基金 (编号：2019T120615、2018M632745) 资助。

通讯作者: 唐晓明 (Email: tangxiam@aliyun.com) E-mail: tangxiam@aliyun.com

作者简介: 李盛清，2017年获中国石油大学（华东）博士学位，现为中国石油大学 (华东) 博士后，主要从事声波测井理论、方法和现场数据处理解释及天然气水合物测井方面研究。E-mail:shidalishengqing@yeah.net

引用本文:

. 四分量偶极横波远探测在深海斜井井周构造成像中的应用*[J]. 应用地球物理, 2019, 16(3): 293-302.

. Application of four-component dipole shear refl ection imaging to interpret the geological structure around a deviated well*[J]. APPLIED GEOPHYSICS, 2019, 16(3): 293-302.